QEMU 源码编译
QEMU 是一个支持跨平台虚拟化的虚拟机，有 user mode 和 system mode 两种配置方式。其中 qemu 在 system mode 配置下模拟出整个计算机，可以在 qemu 之上运行一个操作系统。VMware 和 Virtualbox 之类通常只能在 x86 计算机上虚拟出一个 x86 虚拟机，而 QEMU 支持在 x86 上虚拟出一个 ARM 虚拟机。qemu 在 user mode 配置下，可以运行跟当前平台指令集不同的平台的可执行程序。
QEMU 中有两个重要的名词 host 和 target （guest），其中 host 表示 qemu 程序本身运行的平台，target（guest）表示 qemu 虚拟出的计算平台（system mode）或支持的可执行程序的运行平台（user mode）。
一、安装依赖
1、安装 ninja
git clone git://github.com/ninja-build/ninja.git && cd ninja
./configure.py --bootstrap
cp ninja /usr/bin/
ninja --version
2、安装其他依赖
dnf install -y glib2 glib2-devel gtk2-devel
二、编译 QEMU
1、拉取源码
git clome https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git
2、开始构建
cd qemu/
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user
../configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user --enable-spice --enable-vnc --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-usb-redir
../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu,x86_64-linux-user --enable-kvm --enable-spice --enable-vnc --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-usb-redir
../configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user,x86_64-softmmu,x86_64-linux-user --enable-kvm --enable-spice --enable-vnc --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-usb-redir
--target-list 指定需要编译的 target（guest）
aarch64-softmmu 表示要编译 system mode 的 QEMU
aarch64-linux-user 表示要编译 user mode 的 QEMU
3、编译
make -j10
4、安装
make install
5、验证
qemu-system-aarch64 --version
qemu-aarch64 --version
qemu-aarch64 是用户模式的模拟器（更精确的表述应该是系统调用模拟器）
qemu-system-aarch64 是系统模拟器，可以模拟出整个机器并运行操作系统
qemu-aarch64 仅可用来运行二进制文件，因此你可以交叉编译完例如hello world之类的程序然后交给 qemu-aarch64 来运行，简单而高效。
而 qemu-system-aarch64 则需要把hello world程序下载到客户机操作系统能访问到的硬盘里才能运行。
三、配置 UEFI 启动
1、安装 edk2.git-aarch64
wget https://www.kraxel.org/repos/firmware.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/firmware.repo
yum install edk2.git-aarch64
2、配置 qemu
vim /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
nvram = ["/usr/share/edk2.git/aarch64/QEMU_EFI-pflash.raw:/usr/share/edk2.git/aarch64/vars-template-pflash.raw"]
3、重启 libvirt
systemctl restart libvirtd
四、configure 可选参数
[root@centos8 build]# ../configure --help
Usage: configure [options]
Options: [defaults in brackets after descriptions]
Standard options:
--help print this message
--prefix=PREFIX install in PREFIX [/usr/local]
--interp-prefix=PREFIX where to find shared libraries, etc.
use %M for cpu name [/usr/gnemul/qemu-%M]
--target-list=LIST set target list (default: build all non-deprecated)
Available targets: aarch64-softmmu alpha-softmmu
arm-softmmu avr-softmmu cris-softmmu hppa-softmmu
i386-softmmu m68k-softmmu microblazeel-softmmu
microblaze-softmmu mips64el-softmmu mips64-softmmu
mipsel-softmmu mips-softmmu moxie-softmmu
nios2-softmmu or1k-softmmu ppc64-softmmu ppc-softmmu
riscv32-softmmu riscv64-softmmu rx-softmmu
s390x-softmmu sh4eb-softmmu sh4-softmmu
sparc64-softmmu sparc-softmmu tricore-softmmu
x86_64-softmmu xtensaeb-softmmu xtensa-softmmu
aarch64_be-linux-user aarch64-linux-user
alpha-linux-user armeb-linux-user arm-linux-user
cris-linux-user hppa-linux-user i386-linux-user
m68k-linux-user microblazeel-linux-user
microblaze-linux-user mips64el-linux-user
mips64-linux-user mipsel-linux-user mips-linux-user
mipsn32el-linux-user mipsn32-linux-user
nios2-linux-user or1k-linux-user ppc64le-linux-user
ppc64-linux-user ppc-linux-user riscv32-linux-user
riscv64-linux-user s390x-linux-user sh4eb-linux-user
sh4-linux-user sparc32plus-linux-user
sparc64-linux-user sparc-linux-user
x86_64-linux-user xtensaeb-linux-user
xtensa-linux-user
Deprecated targets:
ppc64abi32-linux-user,tilegx-linux-user,lm32-softmmu,
unicore32-softmmu
--target-list-exclude=LIST exclude a set of targets from the default target-list
Advanced options (experts only):
--cross-prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX for compile tools []
--cc=CC use C compiler CC [cc]
--iasl=IASL use ACPI compiler IASL [iasl]
--host-cc=CC use C compiler CC [cc] for code run at
build time
--cxx=CXX use C++ compiler CXX [c++]
--objcc=OBJCC use Objective-C compiler OBJCC [cc]
--extra-cflags=CFLAGS append extra C compiler flags QEMU_CFLAGS
--extra-cxxflags=CXXFLAGS append extra C++ compiler flags QEMU_CXXFLAGS
--extra-ldflags=LDFLAGS append extra linker flags LDFLAGS
--cross-cc-ARCH=CC use compiler when building ARCH guest test cases
--cross-cc-flags-ARCH= use compiler flags when building ARCH guest tests
--make=MAKE use specified make [make]
--python=PYTHON use specified python [/usr/bin/python3]
--sphinx-build=SPHINX use specified sphinx-build []
--meson=MESON use specified meson []
--ninja=NINJA use specified ninja []
--smbd=SMBD use specified smbd [/usr/sbin/smbd]
--with-git=GIT use specified git [git]
--static enable static build [no]
--mandir=PATH install man pages in PATH
--datadir=PATH install firmware in PATH/qemu
--localedir=PATH install translation in PATH/qemu
--docdir=PATH install documentation in PATH/qemu
--bindir=PATH install binaries in PATH
--libdir=PATH install libraries in PATH
--libexecdir=PATH install helper binaries in PATH
--sysconfdir=PATH install config in PATH/qemu
--localstatedir=PATH install local state in PATH (set at runtime on win32)
--firmwarepath=PATH search PATH for firmware files
--efi-aarch64=PATH PATH of efi file to use for aarch64 VMs.
--with-suffix=SUFFIX suffix for QEMU data inside datadir/libdir/sysconfdir/docdir [qemu]
--with-pkgversion=VERS use specified string as sub-version of the package
--enable-debug enable common debug build options
--enable-sanitizers enable default sanitizers
--enable-tsan enable thread sanitizer
--disable-strip disable stripping binaries
--disable-werror disable compilation abort on warning
--disable-stack-protector disable compiler-provided stack protection
--audio-drv-list=LIST set audio drivers list:
Available drivers: oss alsa sdl pa
--block-drv-whitelist=L Same as --block-drv-rw-whitelist=L
--block-drv-rw-whitelist=L
set block driver read-write whitelist
(affects only QEMU, not qemu-img)
--block-drv-ro-whitelist=L
set block driver read-only whitelist
(affects only QEMU, not qemu-img)
--enable-trace-backends=B Set trace backend
Available backends: dtrace ftrace log simple syslog ust
--with-trace-file=NAME Full PATH,NAME of file to store traces
Default:trace-<pid>
--disable-slirp disable SLIRP userspace network connectivity
--enable-tcg-interpreter enable TCG with bytecode interpreter (TCI)
--enable-malloc-trim enable libc malloc_trim() for memory optimization
--oss-lib path to OSS library
--cpu=CPU Build for host CPU [x86_64]
--with-coroutine=BACKEND coroutine backend. Supported options:
ucontext, sigaltstack, windows
--enable-gcov enable test coverage analysis with gcov
--disable-blobs disable installing provided firmware blobs
--with-vss-sdk=SDK-path enable Windows VSS support in QEMU Guest Agent
--with-win-sdk=SDK-path path to Windows Platform SDK (to build VSS .tlb)
--tls-priority default TLS protocol/cipher priority string
--enable-gprof QEMU profiling with gprof
--enable-profiler profiler support
--enable-debug-stack-usage
track the maximum stack usage of stacks created by qemu_alloc_stack
--enable-plugins
enable plugins via shared library loading
--disable-containers don't use containers for cross-building
--gdb=GDB-path gdb to use for gdbstub tests [/usr/bin/gdb]
Optional features, enabled with --enable-FEATURE and
disabled with --disable-FEATURE, default is enabled if available:
system all system emulation targets
user supported user emulation targets
linux-user all linux usermode emulation targets
bsd-user all BSD usermode emulation targets
docs build documentation
guest-agent build the QEMU Guest Agent
guest-agent-msi build guest agent Windows MSI installation package
pie Position Independent Executables
modules modules support (non-Windows)
module-upgrades try to load modules from alternate paths for upgrades
debug-tcg TCG debugging (default is disabled)
debug-info debugging information
sparse sparse checker
safe-stack SafeStack Stack Smash Protection. Depends on
clang/llvm >= 3.7 and requires coroutine backend ucontext.
gnutls GNUTLS cryptography support
nettle nettle cryptography support
gcrypt libgcrypt cryptography support
auth-pam PAM access control
sdl SDL UI
sdl-image SDL Image support for icons
gtk gtk UI
vte vte support for the gtk UI
curses curses UI
iconv font glyph conversion support
vnc VNC UI support
vnc-sasl SASL encryption for VNC server
vnc-jpeg JPEG lossy compression for VNC server
vnc-png PNG compression for VNC server
cocoa Cocoa UI (Mac OS X only)
virtfs VirtFS
virtiofsd build virtiofs daemon (virtiofsd)
libudev Use libudev to enumerate host devices
mpath Multipath persistent reservation passthrough
xen xen backend driver support
xen-pci-passthrough PCI passthrough support for Xen
brlapi BrlAPI (Braile)
curl curl connectivity
membarrier membarrier system call (for Linux 4.14+ or Windows)
fdt fdt device tree
kvm KVM acceleration support
hax HAX acceleration support
hvf Hypervisor.framework acceleration support
whpx Windows Hypervisor Platform acceleration support
rdma Enable RDMA-based migration
pvrdma Enable PVRDMA support
vde support for vde network
netmap support for netmap network
linux-aio Linux AIO support
linux-io-uring Linux io_uring support
cap-ng libcap-ng support
attr attr and xattr support
vhost-net vhost-net kernel acceleration support
vhost-vsock virtio sockets device support
vhost-scsi vhost-scsi kernel target support
vhost-crypto vhost-user-crypto backend support
vhost-kernel vhost kernel backend support
vhost-user vhost-user backend support
vhost-user-blk-server vhost-user-blk server support
vhost-vdpa vhost-vdpa kernel backend support
spice spice
rbd rados block device (rbd)
libiscsi iscsi support
libnfs nfs support
smartcard smartcard support (libcacard)
u2f U2F support (u2f-emu)
libusb libusb (for usb passthrough)
live-block-migration Block migration in the main migration stream
usb-redir usb network redirection support
lzo support of lzo compression library
snappy support of snappy compression library
bzip2 support of bzip2 compression library
(for reading bzip2-compressed dmg images)
lzfse support of lzfse compression library
(for reading lzfse-compressed dmg images)
zstd support for zstd compression library
(for migration compression and qcow2 cluster compression)
seccomp seccomp support
coroutine-pool coroutine freelist (better performance)
glusterfs GlusterFS backend
tpm TPM support
libssh ssh block device support
numa libnuma support
libxml2 for Parallels image format
tcmalloc tcmalloc support
jemalloc jemalloc support
avx2 AVX2 optimization support
avx512f AVX512F optimization support
replication replication support
opengl opengl support
virglrenderer virgl rendering support
xfsctl xfsctl support
qom-cast-debug cast debugging support
tools build qemu-io, qemu-nbd and qemu-img tools
bochs bochs image format support
cloop cloop image format support
dmg dmg image format support
qcow1 qcow v1 image format support
vdi vdi image format support
vvfat vvfat image format support
qed qed image format support
parallels parallels image format support
sheepdog sheepdog block driver support (deprecated)
crypto-afalg Linux AF_ALG crypto backend driver
capstone capstone disassembler support
debug-mutex mutex debugging support
libpmem libpmem support
xkbcommon xkbcommon support
rng-none dummy RNG, avoid using /dev/(u)random and getrandom()
libdaxctl libdaxctl support
NOTE: The object files are built at the place where configure is launched