git 相关

一、git

1.Usual

git config --global credential.helper store

git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master

2.Other

1、Git 配置
/etc/gitconfig 所有用户,git config --system
~/.gitconfig 当前用户,git config --global
.git/config

#覆盖优先级
.git/config > ~/.gitconfig > /etc/gitconfig 

git config --local http.postBuffer 524288000
git config --global http.lowSpeedLimit 0
git config --global http.lowSpeedTime 999999
git config --global user.name "hl"
git config --global core.editor vim
git config --global merge.tool vimdiff
git config --list

#15 分钟
git config --global credential.helper cache

#永久
git config --global credential.helper store

#自定义时间
git config credential.helper 'cache --timeout=3600'

#删除远程分支
git push origin --delete feature-x
git push origin :feature-x

git fetch --all --prune

#撤销git add 添加的文件
git reset
git checkout -- <file-or-directory>

#撤销git add 添加的文件,同时丢弃add中的更改
git reset --hard
git reset --hard HEAD^

#Git使用了一个内部数据库来存储对象(如提交、树和blob)。随着时间的推移,这个数据库可能会包含一些不再被任何分支或标签引用的对象。
git gc
git gc --prune=now

# 列出所有远程分支
git branch -r

# 列出本地和远程分支
git branch -a

# 查看某段代码是谁写的
git blame  <file-name>
2、查看状态
git status -s
git log --oneline
git tags
git branch
3、rebase
git fetch --all
git rebase origin/master

git rebase -i HEAD~4

git rebase -i 113sff3e4f
4、cherry-pick
git cherry-pick sdfs32233
git add .
git commit --amend
git  cherry-pick --continue
git push origin hl -f
5、amend
git add .
git commit --amend
git rebase continue
git push origin hl -f
6、checkout
git checkout .

git checkout -b dev origin/master
7、remote add
git remote add test http://192.168.0.1/test/test.git

git remote -vv
8、format am apply
git format-patch -s -2
git am 0001-let-chinese-text-no-wrap.patch

git format-patch 32399a0518ed22bc69ed413310eca4a5f50fa0d1^..8a03a7f472664641023fb08f5d55d16dfb192af9

git apply --check 4.2.2.2_to_4.2.2.6/*.patch
9、reset
git reset --hard 7f575c8
10、reset-author
git commit --amend --reset-author
11、color
git config --global color.status auto  
git config --global color.diff auto  
git config --global color.branch auto  
git config --global color.interactive auto
12、log
git log --pretty=oneline 32399a0518ed22bc69ed413310eca4a5f50fa0d1..8a03a7f472664641023fb08f5d55d16dfb192af9

git log --pretty=format:"%h; author: %cn; date: %ci; subject:%s" tagA...tagB

比较本地的仓库和远程仓库的区别
git log -p master..origin/master

git log -p
13、stash
git stash
git stash save "test-cmd-stash"
git stash list
git stash drop
# 删除stash暂存区
git stash pop
# 不删除stash暂存区,可多次应用
git stash apply
# 清空栈中所有记录
git stash clear
13、submodule

submodule

git submodule add git@github.com:jjz/pod-library.git pod-library
git add .gitmodules pod-ibrary
git commit -m "pod-library submodule"
git submodule init
git push
14、merge
合并dev分支到master分支

git checkout dev
git pull
git checkout master
git merge dev
git push -u origin master

把远程下载下来的代码合并到本地仓库,远程的和本地的合并
git merge origin/master
15、branch
删除temp
git branch -d temp 

查看分支
git branch -vv

git branch --all
16、diff
比较master分支和temp分支的不同
git diff temp
17、fetch
从远程的origin仓库的master分支下载代码到本地的origin master
git fetch origin master

从远程的origin仓库的master分支下载到本地并新建一个分支temp
git fetch origin master:temp
18、add
交互地添加文件至缓存区
git add -i
19、config
彩色的 git 输出:
git config color.ui true

显示历史记录时,只显示一行注释信息:
git config format.pretty oneline
20、archive
# --format 表示打包的格式,如 zip,-v 表示对应的 tag 名,后面跟的是 tag 名,如 v0.1
git archive -v -format=zip v0.1>v0.1.zip

git archive --format=tar --output /full/path/to/zipfile.zip master | gzip
21、subtree
git subtree pull --prefix=<子目录名> <远程分支> <分支> 

#将 B 仓库添加为 A 仓库的一个子目录
git subtree add --prefix=SubFolder/B https://github.com/walterlv/walterlv.git master

#将 A 仓库中的 B 子目录推送回 B 仓库
git subtree push --prefix=SubFolder/B https://github.com/walterlv/walterlv.git master

#将 B 仓库中的新内容拉回 A 仓库的子目录
git subtree pull --prefix=SubFolder/B walterlv master

# 将需要分离的目录的提交日志分离成一个独立的临时版本
git subtree split -P <name-of-folder> -b <name-of-new-branch>

# example

- name: Publish
uses: hlyani/gitbook-deploy-action@master
env:
    ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.testaction }}
    BASE_BRANCH: source
    BRANCH: master
    FOLDER: docs

git add -f $FOLDER

git commit -m "Deploying to ${BRANCH} from ${BASE_BRANCH:-master} ${GITHUB_SHA}" --quiet

git push $REPOSITORY_PATH `git subtree split --prefix $FOLDER ${BASE_BRANCH:-master}`:$BRANCH --force
22、使用用户名和密码
git clone http://邮箱(或用户名):密码@仓库
git clone -b master --depth 1 http://admin:123@192.168.0.1/demo/demo.git
23、tag
git tag -a v1.0 -m "v1.0"

推送所有tag
git push origin --tags

删除本地记录
git tag -d v1.0

删除远程记录
git push origin :refs/tags/v1.0
24、拉取单个分支到指定目录
git clone --single-branch --branch=v1.0.0 --depth=1 http://192.168.0.1/test/tmp test
25、强制推送所有分支
需要推送的分支需要每个都 git checkout xx

git push --all origin -f
26、只拉取单个分支
git clone --single-branch --branch=v1.0.0 --depth=1 http://XXX build/src/XXX
27、重置分支
git reset --hard origin/master

二、常用

(一)、修改之前的commit

1、将HEAD移动到需要修改的commit上
git rebase eb69dddd^ --interactive
2、找到需要修改的commit,将首行的pick改成edit后保存
3、开始修改内容
4、添加改动文件到暂存
git add
5、追加改动到提交
git commit --amend
6、移动HEAD回到最新的commit
git rebase --continue
7、强制提交
git push origin master -f

(二)、合并 commit

1、找到要合并 commit 的前一个commit
git rebase -i sdfs1easdasd

# git rebase -i HEAD~3
2、将要合并的 commit 前改为 squash
pick asdasd Add second commit
squash asdasd Add third commit

:wq
3、操作失误 --abort 撤销
git rebase --abort
4、提交
git add .
git push origin master -f

(三)、lfs

1、安装
yum install git-lfs

apt install git-lfs

git lfs install
2、标记大文件
git lfs track kernel_resource/4.19.37-rt19.arm64.gz

git lfs track *.gz
3、推送
 git add my.gz
 git commit -m "add gz file"
 git push origin master
4、查看
git lfs track
git lfs ls-files
vim .gitattributes

(四)、gitlab-ci

1、拉取gitlab容器镜像
docker pull gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
2、运行gitlab
docker run -d --name gitlab-runner --restart always \
  -v /srv/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest

mkdir -p /home/hl/gitlabrunner/DeltaOS/opt /home/hl/gitlabrunner/DeltaOS/builds

docker run -d --name deltaos-gitlab-runner --restart always \
  --privileged=true \
  -v /home/hl/gitlabrunner/DeltaOS/opt:/opt \
  -v /home/hl/gitlabrunner/DeltaOS/builds:/home/gitlab-runner/builds \
  gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest

docker exec deltaos-gitlab-runner gitlab-runner register \
 --non-interactive \
 --name my-runner \
 --url http://192.168.1.1:8000/ \
 --registration-token sDrr7KDi6UXyzwuzPqx- \
 --executor shell \
 --tag-list \
 common-runner
3、容器内
mknod -m 0660 /dev/loop1 b 7 1
echo "192.168.21.8 gitlab.tmp.com" |tee >> /etc/hosts
#添加root权限
sed -i 's/gitlab-runner:x:999:999/gitlab-runner:x:0:0/g' /etc/passwd
4、编辑gitlab-ci
vim .gitlab-ci.yml

stages:
  - deploy
deploy:
    stage: deploy
    script:
      - bash /opt/deploy.sh
    only:
      - master
    tags:
      - common-runner

when 可以设置为以下值之一:

on_success - 只有当前一个阶段的所有工作成功时才​​执行工作。这是默认值。
on_failure - 仅当前一个阶段的至少一个作业发生故障时才执行作业。
always - 无论前一阶段的工作状况如何,执行工作。
manual - 手动执行作业

stages:
 - build
 - test
 - deploy

首先,所有build的jobs都是并行执行的。
所有build的jobs执行成功后,test的jobs才会开始并行执行。
所有test的jobs执行成功,deploy的jobs才会开始并行执行。
所有的deploy的jobs执行成功,commit才会标记为success
任何一个前置的jobs失败了,commit会标记为failed并且下一个stages的jobs都不会执行。

有时,script命令需要用单引号或双引号括起来。例如,包含冒号(:)的命令需要用引号括起来,以便YAML解析器知道将整个事物解释为字符串而不是“key:value”对。使用特殊字符时要小心::,{,},[,],,,&,*,#,?,|,-,<,>,=,!,%,@,`。

例如:
stages:
- build
- cleanup_build
- test
- deploy
- cleanup

build_job:
  stage: build
  script:
  - make build

cleanup_build_job:
  stage: cleanup_build
  script:
  - cleanup build when failed
  when: on_failure

test_job:
  stage: test
  script:
  - make test

deploy_job:
  stage: deploy
  script:
  - make deploy
  when: manual

cleanup_job:
  stage: cleanup
  script:
  - cleanup after jobs
  when: always
以上脚本将:

cleanup_build_job仅在build_job失败时执行。
始终执行cleanup_job作为流水线的最后一步,无论成功或失败。
允许您deploy_job从GitLab的UI 手动执行。
stages:
  - build
  - upload
  - release

variables:
  PACKAGE_VERSION: ${CI_COMMIT_BRANCH}-${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
  REGISTRY: "192.168.0.1"
  DIR: "dist"
  AMD64_TAR: "aa-amd64.tar.gz"
  ARM64_TAR: "aa-arm64.tar.gz"
  PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL: "${CI_API_V4_URL}/projects/${CI_PROJECT_ID}/packages/generic/Release/${PACKAGE_VERSION}"

build-job:
  stage: build
  image: ${REGISTRY}/cicd/build-base:v1.0.1
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG # Do not run this job when a tag is created manually
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH # Run this job when commits are pushed or merged to the default branch
  script:
    - echo "running build-job for ${PACKAGE_VERSION}"
    - make
    # - yes|docker system prune -a
  artifacts:
    untracked: false
    when: on_success
    expire_in: 30 days
    paths:
      - ${DIR}/${AMD64_TAR}
      - ${DIR}/${ARM64_TAR}

upload-job:
  stage: upload
  image: ${REGISTRY}/cicd/curl:latest
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG # Do not run this job when a tag is created manually
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH # Run this job when commits are pushed or merged to the default branch
  needs:
    - job: build-job
      artifacts: true
  script:
    - echo "running upload-job for ${PACKAGE_VERSION}"
    - |
      curl --header "JOB-TOKEN: ${CI_JOB_TOKEN}" --upload-file ${DIR}/${AMD64_TAR} "${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${AMD64_TAR}"
      curl --header "JOB-TOKEN: ${CI_JOB_TOKEN}" --upload-file ${DIR}/${ARM64_TAR} "${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${ARM64_TAR}"
    - echo ${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${AMD64_TAR}
    - echo ${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${ARM64_TAR}

release-job:
  stage: release
  image: ${REGISTRY}/cicd/release-cli:latest
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG # Do not run this job when a tag is created manually
      when: never
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH # Run this job when commits are pushed or merged to the default branch
  needs:
    - job: upload-job
  script:
    - echo "running release-job for ${PACKAGE_VERSION}"
  release:
    name: ${PACKAGE_VERSION}
    tag_name: ${PACKAGE_VERSION}
    description:  ${PACKAGE_VERSION}
    assets:
      links:
        - name: ${AMD64_TAR}
          url: "${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${AMD64_TAR}"
          filepath: "/${AMD64_TAR}"
          link_type: package
        - name: ${ARM64_TAR}
          url: "${PACKAGE_REGISTRY_URL}/${ARM64_TAR}"
          filepath: "/${ARM64_TAR}"
          link_type: package
5、界面查找url和token
Settings —> Pipelines —> Specific Runners
6、注册
gitlab-runner register --non-interactive --name my-runner --url http://192.168.21.8:8000/ --registration-token Kgu3z28pqfZEZsBmquUh --executor shell --tag-list common-runner

vim /etc/passwd
gitlab-runner:x:0:0:GitLab Runner:/home/gitlab-runner:/bin/bash

#手动注册
docker exec -it gitlab-runner gitlab-ci-multi-runner register

#引导会让你输入gitlab的url,输入自己的url,例如http://gitlab.example.com/

#引导会让你输入token,去相应的项目下找到token,例如ase12c235qazd32

#引导会让你输入tag,一个项目可能有多个runner,是根据tag来区别runner的,输入若干个就好了,比如web,hook,deploy

#引导会让你输入executor,这个是要用什么方式来执行脚本,图方便输入shell就好了。
7、查看gitlab-runner
gitlab-runner list
8、宿主机安装
yum 安装
curl -L https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/script.rpm.sh | bash
yum install -y gitlab-ci-multi-runner

echo '[gitlab-ci-multi-runner]
name=gitlab-ci-multi-runner
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/yum/el7
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gpg.key' |tee >> /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ci-multi-runner.repo

yum makecache
yum install -y gitlab-ci-multi-runner

#设置gitlab-runner root权限
gitlab-runner:x:0:0:GitLab Runner:/home/gitlab-runner:/bin/bash
9、其他
jenkins
http://blog.csdn.net/abcdocker/article/details/53840629

https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/README.html

(五)、规范

type:commit 的类型
feat:新特性
fix:修改问题
refactor:代码重构
docs:文档修改
style:代码格式修改,注意不是 css 修改
test:测试用例修改
chore:其他修改,比如构建流程,依赖管理
scope:commit 影响的范围,比如:route,component,utils,build……
subject:commit 的概述
body:commit 具体修改内容,可以分为多行
footer:一些备注,通常是 BREAKING CHANGE 或修复的 bug 的链接

三、Gitlab备份和恢复

(一)备份

1、修改配置
gitlab_rails['manage_backup_path'] = true
gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = "/var/opt/gitlab/backups"
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800 #这个是秒,7天的时间
2、重新加载配置,让配置生效
gitlab-cli reconfigure
gitlab-cli restart
3、备份命令
/usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create

1674018900_2023_01_18_13.5.4_gitlab_backup.tar

可通过date命令查看

date -d @1674018900

4、其他需要备份文件
/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 配置文件须备份 
/var/opt/gitlab/nginx/conf nginx配置文件 
/etc/postfix/main.cfpostfix 邮件配置备份
5、定时任务自动备份

每周备份一次

0 1 * * 1 docker exec gitlab sh -c "/usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create"

(二)恢复

1、停止数据写入任务
gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
2、恢复数据
gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1674018900
3、重启服务
gitlab-ctl restart

(三)只备份代码

cd /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories
/usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create

四、FAQ

error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-9): Error decoding the received TLS packet. error: 4254 bytes of body are still expected fetch-pack: unexpected disconnect while reading sideband packet fatal: early EOF fatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output

git config --global http.postBuffer 1048576000
git config --global https.postBuffer 1048576000

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