制作openstack镜像
一、制作windows镜像
1、准备软件
virt-manager
virtio-win-0.1.164.iso
- spice-guest-tools-latest.exe
- CloudbaseInitSetup_0_9_11_x64.msi
2、封装系统sysprep
C:\Windows\System32\Sysprep
3、# 压缩镜像的稀疏文件。
bsdtar -zcvf win10.qcow2.tar.gz win10.qcow2
4、# 解压镜像。
tar -xvSf win10.qcow2.tar.gz
5、压缩镜像
qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 source.qcow2 shrunk.qcow2
virt-sparsify /path/to/source.qcow2 --compress /path/to/output.qcow2
6、转换镜像格式为raw。
qemu-img convert -O raw win10.qcow2 win10.raw
7、上传镜像到glance。
glance image-create --progress --disk-format raw --container-format bare --name win10 --property hw_video_model=vga --property os_type=windows --file win10.raw
openstack image create --container-format bare --disk-format raw --public --protected --file win10.raw win10
二、制作linux镜像
1、安装 python 虚拟环境并进入。
apt install python3-virtualenv squashfs-tools libguestfs-tools
python3 -m venv venv3
source venv3/bin/activate
2、linux 镜像通过 diskimage-builder 制作。
pip install diskimage-builder
3、制作 ubuntu 镜像
build-ubuntu.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eux
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ DIB_RELEASE-backports main restricted universe multiverse" > sources.list.template
# deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu DIB_RELEASE-security multiverse
export DIB_RELEASE=focal
# https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/
export DIB_CLOUD_IMAGES="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/${DIB_RELEASE}/current"
export DIB_DISTRIBUTION_MIRROR="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu"
cp sources.list.template sources.list
sed -i "s/DIB_RELEASE/${DIB_RELEASE}/g" sources.list
export DIB_APT_SOURCES="$(pwd)/sources.list"
export DIB_CLOUD_INIT_DATASOURCES="ConfigDrive, OpenStack" # cloud-init datasource is ConfigDrive, OpenStack
#export DIB_CLOUD_INIT_ALLOW_SSH_PWAUTH="yes"
export DIB_DEV_USER_USERNAME="ubuntu"
export DIB_DEV_USER_PASSWORD="qwe"
export DIB_DEV_USER_PWDLESS_SUDO="yes"
export DIB_DEV_USER_SHELL="/bin/bash"
rm -f /tmp/image.log
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
disk-image-create -x ubuntu vm apt-sources cloud-init-datasources cloud-init selinux-permissive devuser -o ubuntu-server-${DIB_RELEASE}-x86_64-${DATE}.raw -t raw --checksum -x --logfile /tmp/image.log
virt-sysprep --root-password password:qwe -a ubuntu-server-${DIB_RELEASE}-x86_64-${DATE}.raw
# openstack image create --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public --property os_type=linux --file cirros-0.5.2-x86_64-disk.img cirros
# glance image-create --visibility public --property os_type=linux--file build-ubuntu-server-7.5-x86_64-20180920.raw --container-format bare --disk-format raw --name ubuntu-server-7.5-x8
6_64-20180920 --progress
bash build-ubuntu.sh
4、制作centos镜像。
提前下载好官方镜像到当前目录
如：CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1808.qcow2
wget https://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1808.qcow2.xz
xz -d CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1808.qcow2.xz
build-centos.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eux
#export ELEMENTS_PATH=tripleo-image-elements/elements:heat-agents:appcenter-config/elements
#export DIB_RELEASE=xenial
export DIB_LOCAL_IMAGE="CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1808.qcow2"
export DIB_CLOUD_INIT_DATASOURCES="OpenStack" # FIXME: we have not use config drive?
export DIB_DISTRIBUTION_MIRROR=http://mirrors.163.com/centos
#export DIB_CLOUD_INIT_ALLOW_SSH_PWAUTH="yes"
#export DIB_DEV_USER_USERNAME="centos"
#export DIB_DEV_USER_PASSWORD="123456" # FIXME: weak password
#export DIB_DEV_USER_PWDLESS_SUDO="yes"
#export DIB_DEV_USER_SHELL="/bin/bash"
rm -f /tmp/image.log
disk-image-create -x centos7 vm cloud-init-datasources cloud-init selinux-permissive -o centos-server-7.5-x86_64-$(date +%Y%m%d).raw -t raw --checksum -x --logfile /tmp/image.log
#glance image-create --visibility public --property os_type=linux--file build-centos-server-7.5-x86_64-20180920.raw --container-format bare --disk-format raw --name centos-server-7.5-x86_64-20180920 --progress
bash build-centos.sh
三、使用qemu-img制作镜像
1）、制作centos
1、创建磁盘等
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /tmp/centos.qcow2 10G
# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name centos --ram 1024 \
--disk /tmp/centos.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
--network network=default \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux --os-variant=centos7.0 \
--location=/data/isos/CentOS-7-x86_64-NetInstall-1611.iso
2、安装ACPI、让hypervisor可以重启和关闭虚拟机
# yum install -y acpid
# systemctl enable acpid
3、安装cloud-init
yum install -y cloud-init
# The top level settings are used as module
# and system configuration.
# A set of users which may be applied and/or used by various modules
# when a 'default' entry is found it will reference the 'default_user'
# from the distro configuration specified below
users:
- default
# If this is set, 'root' will not be able to ssh in and they
# will get a message to login instead as the above $user (ubuntu)
disable_root: true
# This will cause the set+update hostname module to not operate (if true)
preserve_hostname: false
# Example datasource config
# datasource:
# Ec2:
# metadata_urls: [ 'blah.com' ]
# timeout: 5 # (defaults to 50 seconds)
# max_wait: 10 # (defaults to 120 seconds)
# The modules that run in the 'init' stage
cloud_init_modules:
- migrator
- seed_random
- bootcmd
- write-files
- growpart
- resizefs
- set_hostname
- update_hostname
- update_etc_hosts
- ca-certs
- rsyslog
- users-groups
- ssh
# The modules that run in the 'config' stage
cloud_config_modules:
# Emit the cloud config ready event
# this can be used by upstart jobs for 'start on cloud-config'.
- emit_upstart
- disk_setup
- mounts
- ssh-import-id
- locale
- set-passwords
- grub-dpkg
- apt-pipelining
- apt-configure
- package-update-upgrade-install
- landscape
- timezone
- salt-minion
- mcollective
- disable-ec2-metadata
- runcmd
- byobu
# The modules that run in the 'final' stage
cloud_final_modules:
- rightscale_userdata
- scripts-per-once
- scripts-vendor
- scripts-per-once
- scripts-per-boot
- scripts-per-instance
- scripts-user
- phone-home
- final-message
- power-state-change
# System and/or distro specific settings
# (not accessible to handlers/transforms)
system_info:
# This will affect which distro class gets used
distro: ubuntu
# Default user name + that default users groups (if added/used)
default_user:
name: ubuntu
lock_passwd: false
plain_text_passwd: '123456'
gecos: Ubuntu
groups: [adm, audio, cdrom, dialout, dip, floppy, netdev, plugdev, sudo, video]
sudo: ["ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL"]
shell: /bin/bash
ssh_svcname: ssh
3、安装cloud-utils-growpart来允许分区来调整大小
yum install -y cloud-utils-growpart
4、为了虚拟机能进入metadata服务器，禁用默认的zeroconf route
# echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
5、配置控制台，编辑/etc/default/grub中的GRUB_CMDLIME_LINUX选择。删除 rhgb quiet 并且添加 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8
...
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=cl/root rd.lvm.lv=cl/swap console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
6、关机
poweroff
7、清除MAC地址等详细信息
yum -y install libguestfs-tools
virt-sysprep -d centos
8、取消libvirt domain 的定义
virsh undefine centos
2）、其他
apt-get install kvm
qemu-img create -f raw /root/ubuntu16.04.1.raw 20G
virt-install --virt-type kvm --name ubuntu16.04.1 --ram 10240 \
--cdrom=/root/ubuntu-16.04.1-server-amd64.iso \
--disk /root/ubuntu16.04.1.raw,format=raw \
--network network=default \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty
virsh list --all
virsh vncdisplay ubuntu16.04.1
virsh start trusty --paused
virsh attach-disk --type cdrom --mode readonly ubuntu16.04.1 "" hdc
virsh resume ubuntu16.04.1
apt-get install cloud-init
dpkg-reconfigure cloud-init
/sbin/shutdown -h now
virt-sysprep -d ubuntu16.04.1
# rm -rf /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
update-grub
openstack image create "cirros" --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw precise-cloudimg.img precise-cloudimg.raw
# 其他
virt-install --virt-type kvm --name centos --ram 10240 \
--disk /root/CentOS7.raw,format=raw \
--network network=default \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 \
--location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
qemu-img create -f qcow2 win7.qcow2 20G
virt-install --connect qemu:///system \
--name win7 --ram 10240 --vcpus 4 \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--disk path=/root/win7/win7.qcow2,format=qcow2,device=disk,bus=virtio \
--cdrom /root/win7/cn_windows_7_ultimate_x64_dvd_x15-66043.iso \
--disk path=/root/win7/virtio-win-0.1.126.iso,device=cdrom \
--vnc --os-type windows --os-variant win2k8
三、FAQ
1、禁用cloud-init网络
cat /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
network: {config: disabled}
2、disable cloud init networking
echo "network: {config: disabled}" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg